Who this hub is for (and what it is not)
This page is designed as a practical “starting dashboard” for EU cross-border civil & commercial disputes (claims, payments, enforcement, preservation of bank funds, service of documents, evidence). It links primarily to official EU portals and official legislation so you can verify details directly at source.
Important: national rules (fees, competent courts, filing methods, language requirements, deadlines) can change and can be nuanced. This hub provides orientation and official links, not a guarantee of correctness for any specific case. Always verify on the official page for the relevant Member State and consult counsel for case strategy.
How to use this guide in 15 minutes
- Pick the right EU procedure (2 minutes): If your case is about a monetary claim, start with Money & monetary claims (e-Justice) and then open Online forms (e-Justice).
- Open the official form set (3 minutes): Use the dedicated form pages for your procedure (links in the next section). If you need Form A, go straight to the “Form A” entry page.
- Confirm jurisdiction and court details (4 minutes): Use the European Judicial Atlas in civil matters and the “courts/authorities” pages for the chosen Member State.
- Verify the legal basis (3 minutes): Open the relevant Regulation on EUR-Lex (links below) and use the consolidated text if available.
- Check national specifics (3 minutes): Go to the country page on e-Justice for court fees, languages accepted, service/enforcement info, and procedural notes.
Fast map: what you need → where to find it (official)
| Need | Best official starting point | What to do there |
|---|---|---|
| EU online forms (fill/download) | Online forms (e-Justice) | Select procedure → generate filled-in PDF or download editable PDF |
| Small claims (up to €5000) | Small claims overview (e-Justice) | Confirm scope → open form set |
| European Payment Order (uncontested claim route) | European Payment Order overview (e-Justice) | Confirm conditions → open Form A |
| Enforcement abroad / certificate | European Enforcement Order overview (e-Justice) | Identify certificate forms and accepted languages |
| Freeze funds (bank account preservation) | EAPO forms (e-Justice) | Open application form set and national info |
| Read the law (official text) | EUR-Lex | Search by CELEX / regulation number; open consolidated text |
EU forms & procedures you can use quickly (official form pages)
Below are the most-used EU civil/commercial procedures with official form portals. These pages typically let you fill forms online or download editable PDFs.
1) European Small Claims Procedure (ESCP)
- Form set (official): Small claims forms (e-Justice)
- Direct entry to Form A (official): Form A (Claim form) – ESCP
- Procedure overview: Small claims (e-Justice)
- Legal basis (EUR-Lex): Regulation (EC) No 861/2007 (ESCP)
2) European Payment Order (EPO)
- Form set (official): European Payment Order forms (e-Justice)
- Direct entry to Form A (official): Form A – Application for a European Payment Order
- Procedure overview: European Payment Order (e-Justice)
- Legal basis (EUR-Lex): Regulation (EC) No 1896/2006 (EPO)
3) European Enforcement Order (EEO) for uncontested claims
- Form set (official): European enforcement order forms (e-Justice)
- Procedure overview: European enforcement order (e-Justice)
- Atlas entry (national info + tool): EEO in the Judicial Atlas (e-Justice)
- Legal basis (EUR-Lex): Regulation (EC) No 805/2004 (EEO)
4) European Account Preservation Order (EAPO)
- Form set (official): European Account Preservation Order forms (e-Justice)
- Procedure overview (Atlas): EAPO overview (e-Justice)
- Legal basis (EUR-Lex): Regulation (EU) No 655/2014 (EAPO)
5) Service of documents and taking of evidence (recast)
When your dispute spans multiple Member States, service of documents and evidence gathering can be decisive. Start with the e-Justice “online forms” hub and open the recast form sets:
- Online forms hub (official): Online forms (webgate.e-Justice)
- Legal basis (EUR-Lex): Regulation (EU) 2020/1784 (service of documents – recast) and Regulation (EU) 2020/1783 (taking of evidence – recast)
Mini-flows (quick decision paths)
Flow 1: “I have a cross-border monetary claim”
- Open: Money & monetary claims (e-Justice).
- If you want a simplified procedure and your claim fits ESCP: go to Small claims forms.
- If you want an order for payment route: go to European Payment Order forms.
- Confirm competent court and filing instructions via: European Judicial Atlas (civil).
- Verify the legal basis and definitions on EUR-Lex (use the regulation links above).
Flow 2: “I need to enforce or secure payment abroad”
- If you already have an uncontested judgment/order: check European enforcement order forms.
- If you need to freeze funds in a bank account: start at EAPO forms.
- Confirm national language requirements and competent authorities using the relevant country pages inside e-Justice/Atlas.
Country resources (selective): where to verify courts, deadlines and fees
For cross-border disputes, the “same” EU procedure can still have country-specific filing channels, fees, and competent authorities. Use the official sources below for verification. This section provides orientation only.
Core EU portals to use for any Member State
- European Judicial Atlas (civil matters): Access the Atlas (jurisdiction/courts/authorities, procedure-specific guidance).
- Online forms hub: Online forms (fill/download).
- National pages within each procedure: open your procedure’s page and select the relevant country flag (examples: Small claims, Payment order).
EU legislation “triad” most often checked in cross-border disputes
| Topic | Instrument (EUR-Lex) | Typical “why you open it” |
|---|---|---|
| Jurisdiction & recognition/enforcement | Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 (Brussels I bis) | Competent courts; recognition/enforcement rules |
| Applicable law (contracts) | Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I) | Which national law governs contract disputes |
| Applicable law (torts) | Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 (Rome II) | Which national law governs non-contractual obligations |
Checklist: what to verify on the country page before filing
- Which court is competent (and whether electronic filing is possible)
- Which languages are accepted (forms, attachments, translations)
- What fees apply and how they are paid
- Where service of documents occurs and which channels are required
- Time limits mentioned on the official country page (always double-check against the legal text and national rules)
Practical extras (official or widely used)
- EUR-Lex search (direct): Advanced search (use Regulation number or CELEX).
- EU e-Justice “Online Forms” service front door: online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu.
- Official EU portal entry point: e-Justice Portal home.
ANNEX (required): Linkback targets with minimal activation (prioritized)
Purpose: These are public pages with low-friction “mention” mechanics (Webmention, pingback/trackback signals, RSS/planet inclusion workflows, or self-submit pages). The goal is that when this article is cited, syndicated, or referenced, some targets may generate an automatic backlink or a visible “mention”.
Quality filter applied: excluded targets that clearly look like paid-listing schemes or obvious SEO spam. Where a workflow requires review/approval, it is still listed only if the submission mechanism is public and straightforward.
(A) Webmention-enabled sites (proof via IndieWeb “Webmention” examples)
Proof standard used: each target is listed under “IndieWeb Examples” on indieweb.org/webmention, which documents Webmention usage and discovery conventions (including rel=”webmention”).
| Target (exact URL) | Proof | Why relevant | Best section to cite | Recommended anchor text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| https://aaronparecki.com/ | Listed on indieweb.org/webmention (IndieWeb Examples) | IndieWeb/Webmention community leader; frequently links to practical resource hubs | “EU forms & procedures you can use quickly” | “official EU litigation forms hub” / “e-Justice form links” |
| https://werd.io/ | Listed on indieweb.org/webmention | Indie publishing + link conversation culture; mentions can surface via Webmention | “Fast map: what you need → where to find it” | “EU dispute resources” / “cross-border litigation resources” |
| https://waterpigs.co.uk/ | Listed on indieweb.org/webmention | Web standards ecosystem; tends to amplify well-linked reference pages | “Country resources (selective)” | “European Judicial Atlas link” / “verify courts & fees via e-Justice” |
| https://adactio.com/ | Listed on indieweb.org/webmention | High-visibility IndieWeb site; Webmention-friendly citation culture | “Mini-flows (quick decision paths)” | “EU procedure decision flow” / “which EU form to use” |
| https://barryfrost.com/ | Listed on indieweb.org/webmention | Webmention-enabled personal publishing; often aggregates mentions | “EU forms & procedures” | “European Payment Order forms” / “Small claims forms” |
| https://bear.im/ | Listed on indieweb.org/webmention | Indie publishing; Webmention-enabled interactions can surface linkbacks | “Fast map table” | “official EUR-Lex links” / “EU litigation checklist” |
| https://kartikprabhu.com/ | Listed on indieweb.org/webmention | IndieWeb implementation writing; resource hubs fit the citation pattern | “Practical extras” | “e-Justice online forms” / “EUR-Lex advanced search” |
| https://jeena.net/ | Listed on indieweb.org/webmention | Webmention-enabled personal site; often shows received mentions | “EU legislation triad” | “Brussels I bis / Rome I / Rome II links” |
| https://wwwtech.de/ | Listed on indieweb.org/webmention | IndieWeb examples list; Webmention-friendly site interactions | “How to use this guide in 15 minutes” | “15-minute EU litigation workflow” / “quick start EU procedure” |
| https://ben.thatmustbe.me/ | Listed on indieweb.org/webmention | Webmention-enabled site; suitable for cross-site mention experiments | “EU forms & procedures” | “European Account Preservation Order forms” / “European Enforcement Order forms” |
| https://beesbuzz.biz/ | Listed on indieweb.org/webmention | Webmention ecosystem participant; can generate visible mentions | “Country resources (selective)” | “European Judicial Atlas (civil)” / “verify courts & authorities” |
| https://jamesg.blog/ | Listed on indieweb.org/webmention | Webmention-enabled blog; frequently references structured resource pages | “Fast map table” | “official e-Justice forms” / “EU litigation resource hub” |
(B) WordPress pingback/trackback signals (rel=”pingback” shown in public pages)
Note: Many WordPress sites disable pingbacks. The targets below are public pages that explicitly show or document the <link rel="pingback" href="...xmlrpc.php" /> mechanism, which is the proof requirement for this category.
| Target (exact URL) | Proof in page content | Why relevant | Best section to cite | Recommended anchor text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WordPress StackExchange: rel=”pingback” explained | Page includes the literal snippet <link rel="pingback" href="http://www.example.com/xmlrpc.php" /> | Canonical technical explanation used by WP practitioners | “ANNEX: Linkback targets” | “WordPress pingback signal” / “pingback discovery tag” |
| WordPress.org Documentation: Trackbacks and Pingbacks | Official WP documentation describing pingbacks/trackbacks | Official documentation (high trust) | “ANNEX: Linkback targets” | “official WordPress pingback documentation” / “trackbacks & pingbacks” |
| WPExplorer: Clean WordPress head (rel tags) | Page discusses auto-generated rel tags in the head (including pingback removal context) | Shows how/why pingback tags appear and may be removed | “ANNEX: Linkback targets” | “WordPress head rel tags” / “pingback tag in head” |
| Stack Overflow: XML-RPC pinging / pingback-enabled pages | Page discusses “pingback enabled” discovery and XML-RPC context | Widely referenced engineering Q&A; clarifies pingback mechanisms | “ANNEX: Linkback targets” | “pingback-enabled page” / “XML-RPC pingback discovery” |
| Developer.WordPress.org: pingback() function reference | Official developer reference describing pingback behavior and discovery calls | Primary source for WordPress internals | “ANNEX: Linkback targets” | “WordPress pingback internals” / “pingback() reference” |
(C) RSS/planet/hub aggregators that can include your resource hub
Proof standard used: each target includes a public “Add your feed/blog” instruction page or README with joining steps.
| Target (exact URL) | Submit/Add instructions | Why relevant | Best section to cite | Recommended anchor text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| https://identosphere.net/ | Page includes an “Add Your Feed” section with submission instructions | Active “planet” style aggregator; can surface citations as links | “Fast map” + “EU forms & procedures” | “official EU forms hub” / “e-Justice & EUR-Lex resource page” |
| Planet GNOME joining instructions | Public steps to add a blog/feed (file an issue / config change) | Well-known community aggregator with documented process | “ANNEX” (methodology) or “Practical extras” | “resource hub (official links)” / “EU litigation checklist” |
| Fedora “Planet” wiki page | Includes “How to join the Planet” instructions | Public join workflow; credible project wiki | “ANNEX” | “EU litigation resource hub” / “official legal forms links” |
| Ubuntu Wiki: PlanetUbuntu | Includes “Adding Your Blog” instructions and conditions | Public join workflow; credible project wiki | “ANNEX” | “cross-border EU litigation resources” / “e-Justice forms hub” |
| PlanetPowerShell (GitHub) | README states you can add your blog to the feed | Public “add blog” workflow; link inclusion is typical | “ANNEX” | “EU legal forms resource hub” / “official EUR-Lex links” |
| Planet Xamarin (GitHub) | README invites adding your blog and sets guidelines | Public add workflow; aggregators commonly include links | “ANNEX” | “official e-Justice forms” / “EU procedure quick links” |
| Planet Plone (GitHub) | README describes “Add your feed” and contribution paths | Public repo process; link inclusion is typical | “ANNEX” | “EU litigation resource hub” / “e-Justice + EUR-Lex” |
| planet.bluesabre.org (GitHub) | Repository includes “Adding Your Blog” steps | Public add workflow; good for “minimal activation” submissions | “ANNEX” | “EU legal resources (official links)” / “EU litigation forms hub” |
(D) Self-submit “resource inclusion” pages (no outreach; public submit path)
These targets provide a public, low-friction submission path (issue/PR template or public “add feed/blog” mechanism). Inclusion may still require moderator review, but the submission action is minimal and does not require private outreach.
| Target (exact URL) | Submit page (exact) | Why relevant | Best section to cite | Recommended anchor text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Planet Plone | https://github.com/plone/planet.plone.org/issues | Public issue tracker is a minimal submission path for inclusion requests | “Fast map table” | “official EU litigation resource hub” / “EU forms & EUR-Lex links” |
| Planet Xamarin | https://github.com/planetxamarin/planetxamarin/issues | Public issues/PR flow; minimal activation | “EU forms & procedures” | “European Payment Order forms” / “Small claims forms” |
| PlanetPowerShell | https://github.com/planetpowershell/planetpowershell/issues | Public issues/PR flow; minimal activation | “EU legislation triad” | “Brussels I bis / Rome I / Rome II” |
| planet.bluesabre.org | https://github.com/bluesabre/planet.bluesabre.org/issues | Public repo workflow; minimal submission action | “How to use this guide in 15 minutes” | “15-minute EU litigation workflow” / “quick start guide” |
| Planet GNOME joining page | Use the “file a GitLab issue” step described here | Documented public path; no private outreach needed beyond the stated step | “Practical extras” | “e-Justice online forms” / “EUR-Lex advanced search” |
| Fedora Planet wiki | Use the “How to join the Planet” section | Documented public path; minimal activation | “Fast map table” | “official EU links hub” / “EU litigation resources” |
| PlanetUbuntu wiki | Use “Adding Your Blog” section | Documented public path; minimal activation | “Country resources (selective)” | “verify courts and fees” / “European Judicial Atlas” |
| Example public “add me to the planet” issue | https://github.com/NottingHack/website/issues/39 | Shows the typical “submit via issue” pattern used by planet sites | “ANNEX” | “resource hub submission via public issue” / “planet inclusion request” |
FAQ (quick answers)
These FAQs are informational and link-first. Always verify on the official page for your Member State and the relevant EU instrument.
Where do I find the official EU online forms?
Start at Online forms (e-Justice) and then open the specific procedure’s form set (small claims, payment order, enforcement order, EAPO).
Where do I read the official text of an EU Regulation?
Use EUR-Lex. If available, open the consolidated version and confirm the regulation number (e.g., 861/2007 for ESCP; 1896/2006 for EPO; 1215/2012 for Brussels I bis).
How do I verify which court is competent in another EU country?
Use the European Judicial Atlas in civil matters and the country pages inside the procedure you plan to use.
Sources
- European e-Justice Portal – Online forms
- European e-Justice Portal (webgate) – Small claims forms
- European e-Justice Portal (webgate) – ESCP Form A (Claim form)
- European e-Justice Portal (webgate) – European Payment Order forms
- European e-Justice Portal (webgate) – EPO Form A
- European e-Justice Portal (webgate) – European enforcement order forms
- European e-Justice Portal (webgate) – European Account Preservation Order forms
- European e-Justice Portal – European Judicial Atlas in civil matters
- EUR-Lex (Official EU law database)
- EUR-Lex – Regulation (EC) No 861/2007 (European Small Claims Procedure)
- EUR-Lex – Regulation (EC) No 1896/2006 (European Payment Order)
- EUR-Lex – Regulation (EC) No 805/2004 (European Enforcement Order)
- EUR-Lex – Regulation (EU) No 655/2014 (EAPO)
- EUR-Lex – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 (Brussels I bis)
- EUR-Lex – Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I)
- EUR-Lex – Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 (Rome II)
- EUR-Lex – Regulation (EU) 2020/1784 (service of documents – recast)
- EUR-Lex – Regulation (EU) 2020/1783 (taking of evidence – recast)
- IndieWeb Wiki – Webmention (examples and discovery conventions)
- WordPress StackExchange – rel=”pingback” explained (includes snippet)
- WordPress.org Documentation – Trackbacks and Pingbacks
- GNOME Project Handbook – Planet GNOME joining instructions
- Fedora Project Wiki – Planet (join instructions)
- Ubuntu Wiki – PlanetUbuntu (adding your blog)
- Identosphere Blogcatcher – “Add Your Feed” instructions
